3D Mol Similar

Propylene oxide

: Iupac Name：2-methyloxirane; CAS No.: 75-56-9; Molecular Weight：58.08; Modify Date.: 2023-06-17 22:37; Introduction:
Propylene oxide, with the chemical formula C3H6O and CAS registry number 75-56-9, is a volatile, highly flammable liquid used primarily as an intermediate in the production of polyether polyols for polyurethane foams, is an allergic and irritant agent, used as a solvent and raw material in the chemical industryas starting material. It is also utilized in the manufacturing of various chemicals, including propylene glycols, glycol ethers, and polyalkylene glycols. Propylene oxide is known for its reactivity, being susceptible to hydrolysis and polymerization reactions. Due to its potential health hazards and environmental concerns, handling and storage of propylene oxide require careful consideration and adherence to safety protocols.
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1. Names and Identifiers

: 1.1 Name; Propylene oxide; 1.2 Synonyms; (±)-1,2-Epoxypropane (±)-Methyloxirane (±)-Propylene oxide (±)-Methyloxirane, 1,2-Epoxypropane 1,2-EPOXYPROPANE 1,2-Epoxypropane(Propylene oxide) 1,2-Propylene oxide 2-Methyl(3-3H1)oxirane 2-Methyloxirane EINECS 200-879-2 epoxypropane Ethylene oxide, methyl- Methyl oxirane methyloxirane MFCD00005126 Oxirane, 2-methyl- Oxirane-2-t, 3-methyl- propene oxide propylene oxide 1,2-epoxypropane methyloxirane PROPYLENEOXIDE,REAGENT PROPYLENOXIDE; View all

1.3 CAS No.: 75-56-9

1.4 CID: 6378

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 200-879-2

1.6 Molecular Formula: C3H6O (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-3-2-4-3/h3H,2H2,1H3

1.8 InChIkey: GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: CC1CO1

1.10 Isomers Smiles: CC1CO1

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 0.83

2.1 Melting point: -112℃

2.1 Boiling point: -169.83° F (EPA, 1998)

2.1 Refractive index: 1.365-1.367

2.1 Flash Point: -35° F (EPA, 1998)

2.2 Precise Quality: 58.04190

2.2 PSA: 12.53000

2.2 logP: 0.40510

2.2 Solubility: 425-450g/l

2.3 Viscosity: 0.28 centipoise at 25 deg C

2.4 VaporDensity: 2 (vs air)

2.5 Appearance: Clear Liquid

2.6 Atmospheric OH Rate Constant: 5.20e-13 cm3/molecule*sec

2.7 Storage: Propylene oxide is stored in a flammableliquid cabinet isolated from combustible andoxidizable materials. It is shipped in glassbottles and metal containers under a nitrogenatmosphere.

2.8 Carcinogenicity: Propylene oxide is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

2.9 Physical Properties: Propylene oxide is a colorless liquid with an agreeable, ether-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 24 mg/m3 (10 ppmv) and 84 μg/m3 (35 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

2.10 Color/Form: Colorless liquid ... [Note: A gas above 94 degrees F.]

2.11 Contact Allergens: Propylene oxide is an allergic and irritant agent, usedas a solvent and raw material in the chemical industry,as the starting material and intermediate for a broadspectrum of polymers. It can be used as a dehydratingagent for the preparation of slides in electron microscopy.Occupational dermatitis was also reported followingthe use of a skin disinfectant swab.

2.12 Corrosivity: NONCORROSIVE TO METALS

2.13 Decomposition: When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

2.14 Heat of Combustion: -13,000 BTU/LB = -7,221 CAL/G = -302.3X10+5 JOULES/KG

2.15 Heat of Vaporization: LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION: 205 BTU/LB+ 114 CAL/G+ 4.77X10+5 JOULES/KG

2.16 Ionization Potential: 9.81 eV

2.17 Odor: ODOR IS SWEET, ALCOHOLIC, & LIKE ETHER OR BENZENE

2.18 Odor Threshold: Inasmuch as the detectable odor concn of propylene oxide is reported to be as high as 200 ppm, its odor cannot be reliably used as a warning.

2.19 Water Solubility: H2O: 40 g/100 mL (20 oC);425-450g/l

2.20 Spectral Properties: IR: 15270 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection)
NMR: 32 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalogue)
MASS: 31 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
MASS: 3980 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base, NSRDS-NBS-63)
Index of refraction: 1.3670 @ 20 degrees C/D

2.21 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with acids, bases, oxidizing agents, copper, copper alloys, brass, bronze, iron, metal chlorides, peroxides and a wide variety of other materials. Reacts with compounds containing labile hydrogen. Extremely flammable - note low boiling point, low flash point and very wide explosion limits. Moisture sensitive.

2.22 StorageTemp: 2-8°C

2.23 Surface Tension: 24.5 dynes/cm

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Chemical Reactivity: Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Polymerization can occur when this product is exposed to high temperatures or is contaminated with alkalies, aqueous acids, amines, and acidic alcohols; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

3.2 Definition: ChEBI: An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.

3.3 Polymerization: An investigation into the hazards associated with the base catalyzed polymerization reactions to which ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are subjected was conducted. The overall goal was to determine if propylene oxide undergoes a polymerization process which is as exothermic as that of ethylene oxide. In particular, the temperature dependence of these polymerizations, along with the contaminant initiations were compared for the two monomers. The polymerization studies were performed in an accelerating rate calorimeter. Both monomers were reacted in this vessel with varying amounts of an aqueous sodium hydroxide catalyst. The energy required to initiate the polymerization of propylene oxidee was higher. The activation energy for the polymerization of ethylene oxide was 81.1 kj/mol while that of propylene oxide was 83.6 kJ/mol. This meant that ethylene-oxide is about 10 to 20 times easier to polymerize at 20 degrees C. Ethylene oxide was much more likely to autoignite, with an ignition temperature of 429 degrees compared to 550 degrees for propylene oxide. The authors conclude that ethylene oxide is significantly more reactive than propylene oxide to alkali catalyzed polymerizations. The controls required for ethylene oxide handling and storage are probably too severe for propylene oxide.; View all

3.4 Potential Exposure: Propylene oxide is used as an interme-diate in the production of polyether polyols and propyleneglycol; as a fumigant; in the production of adducts as ure-thane foam ingredients; in detergent manufacture; as acomponent in brake fluids.

3.5 Produe Method: Propylene oxide is synthesized commercially from propylenethrough the intermediate propylene chlorohydrin. It also canbe made by peroxidation of propylene using alkylhydroperoxides,but this method produces coproducts as well, oftenstyrene or cumene. Propylene oxide is also synthesized viaoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide, which produceswateras the only coproduct.

3.6 Shipping: UN1280 Propylene oxide, Hazard Class: 3;Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

3.7 Usage: Propylene oxide is an excellent low-boiling solvent and raw material of organic synthesis, being able to be used for the preparation of propylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyester resin, foam and surfactants. It can also be used as the solvent of cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose and resin solvents. Propylene oxide can react with ammonia to produce isopropanolamine (monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine and triisopropanolamine). Isopropanolamine is alkaline, being able to absorb acidic gas, widely used in gas purification such as the desulfurization of synthetic ammonia industry and decarbonation.Propylene oxide is mainly used in the production of propylene glycol, polyether polyols, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol ether and synthetic glycerin, also used in the manufacture of isopropanolamine, propylene carbonate;It can be used for the manufacturing of organic synthesis and plastics, also used as solvents, chromatography standards;Epoxypropane is an intermediate of metolachlor and is also an important chemical industrial raw material for the organic synthesis. It can be used for the production of propylene glycol, propylene alcohol, propionaldehyde, isopropylamine, synthetic glycerol, organic acid, etc., and can also used for preparing nonionic surfactant, wetting agents, emulsifiers, detergents and the like.Propylene oxide is an important organic chemical raw material. It is the third largest product of propylene system. The largest use is to produce poly (polyether), which is used in the distribution of US and Western Europe. The application in the aspect accounts respectively for 60% and 70% or more. Propylene oxide can be used for the manufacturing of propylene Glycol, organic Acids, Synthetic Resins, Foam Plasticizers, Plasticizers, Emulsifiers, Wetting Agents, Detergents, Bactericides, fumigants and the like. Propylene oxide-derived fine chemicals are used in virtually all industrial sectors and in everyday life.It can be used as disinfectant.It is important petrochemical raw materials for the production of polyether, propylene glycol, surfactants, foaming agent, demulsifier and mineral processing agent.The usage amount of propylene oxide for various kinds of applications: polyether polyol (raw materials of polyurethane plastic): Propylene glycol: (raw material of unsaturated polyester resin) 60%; 8% to 10%; reinforced plastics and non-toxic solvents: 20%~25%; surfactant: 5% to 10%.; View all

3.8 Waste Disposal: Concentrated waste contain-ing no peroxides-discharge liquid at a controlled rate near apilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxides-perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distancefollowed by open burning Propylene oxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Symbol: GHS02, GHS06, GHS08

4.1 Hazard Codes: T

4.1 Signal Word: Danger

4.1 Risk Statements: R12;R20/21/22;R36/37/38;R45;R46

4.1 Safety Statements: S45;S53

4.1 Packing Group: I

4.1 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow= 0.03.

4.2 Fire Hazard: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. Vapors form explosive mixture with air. If polymerization takes place in container, there may be a violent rupture of container. Explosion hazard is severe when exposed to flame. Violently reacts with acetylide- forming metals such as copper or copper alloys, ammonium hydroxide; chlorosulfonic acid; hydrochloric acid; hydrofluoric acid; nitric acid; oleum and sulfuric acid. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Avoid active catalytic surfaces such as anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin, and aluminum; peroxides of iron and aluminum; and alkali metal hydroxides, high temperatures; alkalies; aqueous acids; amines and acidic alcohols.

4.3 Other Preventative Measures: Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where liquid propylene oxide may contact the eyes. Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employee's body to liquid propylene oxide, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. Any clothing which becomes contaminated with liquid propylene oxide should be removed immediately and such clothing should not be reworn until the propylene oxide is removed from the clothing. Clothing wet with liquid propylene oxide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of the propylene oxide. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the propylene oxide, the person performing the operation should be informed of propylene oxide's hazardous properties.
Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Principles that apply to chem or biochem lab also apply to microbiological & cell-culture labs ... Special consideration should be given to route of admin. ... Safest method of administering volatile carcinogen is by injection of a soln. Admin by topical application, gavage, or intratracheal instillation should be performed under hood. If chem will be exhaled, animals should be kept under hood during this period. Inhalation exposure requires special equipment. ... unless specifically required, routes of admin other than in the diet should be used. Mixing of carcinogen in diet should be carried out in sealed mixers under fume hood, from which the exhaust is fitted with an efficient particulate filter. Techniques for cleaning mixer & hood should be devised before expt begun. When mixing diets, special protective clothing &, possibly, respirators may be required. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When ... admin in diet or applied to skin, animals should be kept in cages with solid bottoms & sides & fitted with a filter top. When volatile carcinogens are given, filter tops should not be used. Cages which have been used to house animals that received carcinogens should be decontaminated. Cage-cleaning facilities should be installed in area in which carcinogens are being used, to avoid moving of ... contaminated /cages/. It is difficult to ensure that cages are decontaminated, & monitoring methods are necessary. Situations may exist in which the use of disposable cages should be recommended, depending on type & amt of carcinogen & efficiency with which it can be removed. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": To eliminate risk that ... contamination in lab could build up during conduct of expt, periodic checks should be carried out on lab atmospheres, surfaces, such as walls, floors & benches, & ... interior of fume hoods & airducts. As well as regular monitoring, check must be carried out after cleaning-up of spillage. Sensitive methods are required when testing lab atmospheres. ... Methods ... should ... where possible, be simple & sensitive. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Rooms in which obvious contamination has occurred, such as spillage, should be decontaminated by lab personnel engaged in expt. Design of expt should ... avoid contamination of permanent equipment. ... Procedures should ensure that maintenance workers are not exposed to carcinogens. ... Particular care should be taken to avoid contamination of drains or ventilation ducts. In cleaning labs, procedures should be used which do not produce aerosols or dispersal of dust, ie, wet mop or vacuum cleaner equipped with high-efficiency particulate filter on exhaust, which are avail commercially, should be used. Sweeping, brushing & use of dry dusters or mops should be prohibited. Grossly contaminated cleaning materials should not be re-used ... If gowns or towels are contaminated, they should not be sent to laundry, but ... decontaminated or burnt, to avoid any hazard to laundry personnel. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Doors leading into areas where carcinogens are used ... should be marked distinctively with appropriate labels. Access ... limited to persons involved in expt. ... A prominently displayed notice should give the name of the Scientific Investigator or other person who can advise in an emergency & who can inform others (such as firemen) on the handling of carcinogenic substances. /Chemical Carcinogens/
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.; View all

4.4 Hazard Class: 3

4.4 Hazard Declaration: H224-H302 + H312-H315-H319-H331-H335-H340-H350

4.4 Cleanup Methods: Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.
1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN A SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS A FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR THE HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN THE PAPER IN A SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. LARGE QUANTITIES MAY BE COLLECTED, DISSOLVED IN ALC OF GREATER MOL WT THAN BUTYL ALC, & ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.
Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, sawdust, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.
Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill. Use surface active agent (eg detergent, soaps, alcohols) to compress and thicken spilled material. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Eliminate all ignition sources. Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if it can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Do not use clay-based absorbents. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.; View all

4.5 DisposalMethods: SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Propylene oxide is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Concentrated waste containing no peroxides; discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxides; perforation of a container of waste from a safe distance followed by open burning.
PROPYLENE OXIDE MAY BE DISPOSED OF BY DISSOLVING IN PENTYL OR HIGHER CARBON NUMBER ALC & ATOMIZING IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.
Concentrated waste containing no peroxides-discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxides-perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning. Recommendable methods: Incineration, open burning & evaporation. Peer review: Very volatile (bp 33 deg C) may make it difficult to feed to incinerator with safety. Open burning and evaporation are recommendable for small amounts. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Small quantities of ... some carcinogens can be destroyed using chem reactions ... but no general rules can be given. ... As a general technique ... treatment with sodium dichromate in strong sulfuric acid can be used. The time necessary for destruction ... is seldom known ... but 1-2 days is generally considered sufficient when freshly prepd reagent is used. ... Carcinogens that are easily oxidizable can be destroyed with milder oxidative agents, such as saturated soln of potassium permanganate in acetone, which appears to be a suitable agent for destruction of hydrazines or of compounds containing isolated carbon-carbon double bonds. Concn or 50% aqueous sodium hypochlorite can also be used as an oxidizing agent. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Carcinogens that are alkylating, arylating or acylating agents per se can be destroyed by reaction with appropriate nucleophiles, such as water, hydroxyl ions, ammonia, thiols & thiosulfate. The reactivity of various alkylating agents varies greatly ... & is also influenced by sol of agent in the reaction medium. To facilitate the complete reaction, it is suggested that the agents be dissolved in ethanol or similar solvents. ... No method should be applied ... until it has been thoroughly tested for its effectiveness & safety on material to be inactivated. For example, in case of destruction of alkylating agents, it is possible to detect residual compounds by reaction with 4(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. /Chemical Carcinogens/; View all

4.6 DOT Emergency Guidelines: /GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Propylene oxide/
/GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Propylene oxide/
/GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Propylene oxide/
/GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Propylene oxide/
/GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Propylene oxide/
/GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Fire: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Propylene oxide/
/GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. /Propylene oxide/
/GUIDE 127P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Propylene oxide/; View all

4.7 RIDADR: UN 1280

4.7 Fire Fighting Procedures: If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as a fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all effective containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far away as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, evacuate for a radius of 1 mile.
Use flooding quantities of water as fog. May use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

4.8 FirePotential: FLAMMABLE, DANGEROUS FIRE RISK

4.9 Safety Profile: Confirmed carcinogenwith experimental carcinogenic,neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Poisonby intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic byingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Anexperimental teratogen. Experimentalreproductive effects. Human mutation datareported. A severe skin and eye irritant.Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire andexplosion hazard when exposed to heat orflame. Explosive reaction with epoxy resinand sodium hydroxide. Forms explosivemixtures with oxygen. Reacts with ethyleneoxide + polyhydric alcohol to form thethermally unstable polyether alcohol.Incompatible with NH4OH, chlorosulfonicacid, HCl, HF, HNO3, oleum, H2SO4.Dangerous; can react vigorously withoxidizing materials. Keep away from heatand open flame. To fight fire, use alcoholfoam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated todecomposition it emits acrid smoke andfumes.

4.10 Caution Statement: P201-P210-P280-P308 + P313-P370 + P378-P403 + P235

4.10 Formulations/Preparations: /IT IS/ OFTEN MIXED WITH CARBON DIOXIDE TO REDUCE FLAMMABILITY AS WELL AS ABSORPTION OF OXIDE BY FUMIGATED MATERIALS.
PROPYLENE OXIDE IS AVAIL ... AS PRODUCT OF 99.99% PURITY /BY ONE PRODUCER/. ANOTHER ... GIVES FOLLOWING SPECIFICATIONS: ACETIC ACID, 0.005%; WATER, 0.01%; PROPIONALDEHYDE, 0.05% ...
Propylene oxide is avail in USA with following specifications: water, 500 mg/kg max; total aldehydes, 100 mg/kg max; chlorides (as chlorine), 40 mg/kg max ...
Propylene oxide is avail in western Europe with following specifications: purity, 99.9% min; water, 200 mg/kg max; aldehydes (as propionaldehyde), 100 mg/kg max; & chlorine, 50 mg/kg max.
A ready to use soln from Jefferson Chemical Co Inc, has 99.9999% active ingredient propylene oxide. /Former/
Pressurized gas, from Union Carbide Corp, has 8.00% active ingredient propylene oxide. A ready to use soln available from Union Carbide Corp Chemicals and Plastics has 99.99% active ingredient propylene oxide.
A ready to use soln available from Aberco, Inc has 99.99% active ingredient propylene oxide.; View all

4.11 Incompatibilities: Vapors may form explosive mixture withair. Reacts with strong oxidizers, anhydrous metal chlor-ides; chlorine, iron, strong acids; caustics and peroxides.Polymerization may occur due to high temperatures or con-tamination with alkalis, aqueous acids; amines, metal chlor-ides; and acidic alcohols. Attacks some plastics, coatingsand rubber.

4.12 WGK Germany: 3

4.12 RTECS: TZ2975000

4.12 Protective Equipment and Clothing: /When handling/ wear rubber gloves, large & heavy face shields (body shields are also recommendable) & self-contained breathing apparatus.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration. Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.; View all

4.13 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: No acetylide-forming metals such as copper or copper alloys should be in contact with propylene oxide.
A polyether-alcohol, prepared by co-condensation of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a polyhydric alcohol, was stored at above 100 deg C and exposed to air via a vent line. After 10-15 hr, violent decompostion occurred, rupturing the vessel.
... PROPYLENE OXIDE MAY REACT WITH INORG CHLORIDES PRESENT IN FOODSTUFFS TO FORM TOXIC CHLOROHYDRINS.
Mixing propylene oxide and epoxy resin in a waste bottle led to an explosion, probably owing to the polymerization of the oxide catalysed by the amine accelerator in the resin.
The transition of deflagration to detonation in /propylene oxide and oxygen/ mixtures was studied with respect to mixing ratio, pressure, and spark energy.
A drum of crude product containing unreacted propylene oxide & sodium hydroxide catalyst exploded & ignited, probably owing to base-catalyzed exothermic polymerization of the oxide.
Anhydrous metal chlorides; iron; strong acids, caustics & peroxides. [Note: polymerization may occur due to high temperatures or contamination with alkalis, aqueous acids, amines & acidic alcohols.]
Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.; View all

4.14 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations: ... WHEN CONFINED TO THE SKIN ... EVEN DILUTE CONCN (10%) MAY CAUSE IRRITATION ... HIGHLY DILUTE SOLUTIONS (LESS THAN 10%) MAY BE MORE IRRITATING TO THE SKIN THAN UNDILUTED PROPYLENE OXIDE.
Propylene oxide vapors are irritating to the skin, eyes and respiratory system.
The major adverse effects ... demonstrated in humans involve burning or blistering of the skin when prolonged contact with non-volatilized chemical has occurred. This has been shown to occur even with low concentrations of propylene oxide. Corneal burns ... have also been reported.
Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

4.15 Safety: Hazard Codes:F+,T
Risk Statements:45-46-12-20/21/22-36/37/38
45:May cause cancer
46:May cause heritable genetic damage
12:Extremely Flammable
20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
Safety Statements:53-45
53:Avoid exposure - obtain special instruction before use
45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible)
RIDADR:UN 1280 3/PG 1
WGK Germany:3
HazardClass:3
PackingGroup:I
Hazardous Substances Data:75-56-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

4.16 Specification: colourless liquid with an ether-like odour
Safety Statements:53-45
53:Avoid exposure - obtain special instruction before use
45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible)

4.17 Toxicity: LD50 orally in rats: 1.14 g/kg (Smyth)

5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Flammable liquids, Category 1

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Acute toxicity - Dermal, Category 3

Eye irritation, Category 2

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 3

Specific target organ toxicity \u2013 single exposure, Category 3

Germ cell mutagenicity, Category 1B

Carcinogenicity, Category 1B

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H224 Extremely flammable liquid and vapour H302 Harmful if swallowed H311 Toxic in contact with skin H319 Causes serious eye irritation H331 Toxic if inhaled H335 May cause respiratory irritation H340 May cause genetic defects H350 May cause cancer
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P233 Keep container tightly closed. P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment. P241 Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/...] equipment. P242 Use non-sparking tools. P243 Take action to prevent static discharges. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P201 Obtain special instructions before use. P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
Response	P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower]. P370+P378 In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish. P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P361+P364 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P311 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026 P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.
Storage	P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P405 Store locked up. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

View all

6. NMR Spectrum

13C NMR : in CDCl3

1H NMR : 90 MHz in CDCl3

1H NMR : parameter neat

IR : CCl4 solution

IR : liquid film

Mass

7. Synthesis Route

75-56-9Total: 115 Synthesis Route

57-55-6 965 Suppliers

75-56-9 118 Suppliers

Literatures:
Robinson, Philip L.; Kelly, Jeffery W.; Evans, Slayton A. Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements, 1986 , vol. 26, p. 15 - 24
Yield: ~85%

78-89-7 15 Suppliers

75-56-9 118 Suppliers

Literatures:
Chemisches Zentralblatt, , p. II, 486 Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, , vol. 22, p. 332
Yield: null

57-55-6 965 Suppliers

78-89-7 15 Suppliers

127-00-4 25 Suppliers

75-56-9 118 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Organic Chemistry, , vol. 48, # 17 p. 2825 - 2828
Yield: null

View all

8. Precursor and Product

precursor:

311-86-4

36220-92-5

127-00-4

57-55-6

187737-37-7

35952-60-4

54156-76-2

108-16-7

19686-73-8

598-18-5

78-89-7

115-11-7

107-05-1

1117-91-5

78-75-1

3071-32-7

74-98-6

3068-88-0

View all

product :

57-55-6

3970-62-5

6704-15-0

6423-43-4

19686-73-8

110-97-4

110-98-5

78-89-7

1068-47-9

6145-74-0

4254-14-2

127-00-4

4254-15-3

108-29-2

7670-39-5

78-96-6

116-09-6

6145-73-9

430-50-2

16088-62-3

1469-73-4

122-20-3

1072-43-1

698-87-3

108-32-7

View all

9. Other Information

9.0 Merck: 14,7856

9.1 BRN: 79763

9.2 职业标准: TWA 100 PPM

9.3 Uses

Propylene oxide is an excellent low-boiling solvent and raw material of organic synthesis, being able to be used for the preparation of propylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyester resin, foam and surfactants. It can also be used as the solvent of cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose and resin solvents. Propylene oxide can react with ammonia to produce isopropanolamine (monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine and triisopropanolamine). Isopropanolamine is alkaline, being able to absorb acidic gas, widely used in gas purification such as the desulfurization of synthetic ammonia industry and decarbonation.

Propylene oxide is mainly used in the production of propylene glycol, polyether polyols, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol ether and synthetic glycerin, also used in the manufacture of isopropanolamine, propylene carbonate;
It can be used for the manufacturing of organic synthesis and plastics, also used as solvents, chromatography standards;
Epoxypropane is an intermediate of metolachlor and is also an important chemical industrial raw material for the organic synthesis. It can be used for the production of propylene glycol, propylene alcohol, propionaldehyde, isopropylamine, synthetic glycerol, organic acid, etc., and can also used for preparing nonionic surfactant, wetting agents, emulsifiers, detergents and the like.
Propylene oxide is an important organic chemical raw material. It is the third largest product of propylene system. The largest use is to produce poly (polyether), which is used in the distribution of US and Western Europe. The application in the aspect accounts respectively for 60% and 70% or more. Propylene oxide can be used for the manufacturing of propylene Glycol, organic Acids, Synthetic Resins, Foam Plasticizers, Plasticizers, Emulsifiers, Wetting Agents, Detergents, Bactericides, fumigants and the like. Propylene oxide-derived fine chemicals are used in virtually all industrial sectors and in everyday life.
It can be used as disinfectant.
It is important petrochemical raw materials for the production of polyether, propylene glycol, surfactants, foaming agent, demulsifier and mineral processing agent.
The usage amount of propylene oxide for various kinds of applications: polyether polyol (raw materials of polyurethane plastic): Propylene glycol: (raw material of unsaturated polyester resin) 60%; 8% to 10%; reinforced plastics and non-toxic solvents: 20%~25%; surfactant: 5% to 10%.

View all

9.4 Identification test: Solubility: 1g can be dissolved in 1.7ml water; miscible in ethanol and ether (OT-42).

9.5 Content analysis: Same as the content analysis in "07115, ethylene oxide", but the formula can be changed to:
Propylene oxide (%) = NaOH solution volume (ml) x 0.0581/sample mass x 100%

9.6 Toxicity: LD50:580mg/kg (mice, oral) direct inhalation of its vapor can cause vomiting, diarrhea, coma.
Propylene oxide is less toxic than ethylene oxide with stimulating effect of the major role, together with mild anesthetic and original pulp toxicity. Direct contact can stimulate the skin with severe cases causing skin necrosis. The olfactory threshold was 360 mg/m3. At a few minutes after inhalation of high concentrations can cause poisoning, eye and upper respiratory tract irritation symptoms, difficulty in breathing, head pain, dizziness, weakness, calf muscle spasms, gait instability, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, restlessness, delirium and coma. During the disease course, it can be seen of elevated blood pressure, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, gastrointestinal bleeding, toxic intestinal paralysis and liver and kidney damage.
Because of its poisoning symptoms may be related to increased levels of histamine and other biologically active substances, it can be treated with anti-histamine drugs and sodium thiosulfate.
The threshold for epoxypropane in the air at workplace is tentatively set at 240 mg/m3 (TLV-TWA, US, 1980), with a maximum allowable concentration of 1 mg/m3 (Sue, 1972).; View all

9.7 Usage limit: The maximum allowable concentration in the place of disinfection is 1mg/m3.

9.8 Hazards & Safety Information: Category : Flammable liquids
Toxicity classification: highly toxic
Acute toxicity: Oral-Rat LD50: 380 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 440 mg/kg
Stimulation Data: Skin-Rabbit 415 mg Moderate; Eyes-Rabbit 20 mg Severe
Explosive and hazardous properties: Being explosive in case of ammonia, chlorosulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen fluoride, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid.
Flammability and hazard characteristics: it is combustible in case of fire, high temperature and oxidant with combustion generating irritant smoke
Storage and transportation characteristics Treasury: ventilated, low-temperature and dry; store it separately from oxidants and acids
Extinguishing agent: dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 extinguishing agent
Occupational Standard: TWA PPM 100; View all

9.9 Chemical Properties: colourless liquid with an ether-like odour

9.10 Definition: ChEBI: An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.

9.11 Uses: Chemical intermediate in preparation of polyethers to form polyurethanes; in preparation of urethane polyols and propylene and dipropylene glycols; in preparation of lubricants, surfactants, oil demulsifiers. As solvent; fumigant; soil sterilant.

9.12 General Description: A clear colorless volatile liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point -35°F. Boiling point 95°F. Density 6.9 lb./gal. Flammable over a wide range of vapor-air concentrations. If contaminated, may polymerize with evolution of heat and possible rupture of container. Vapors irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Prolonged contact with skin may result in delayed burns. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a fumigant, in making detergents and lubricants, and to make other chemicals.

9.13 Air & Water Reactions: Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

9.14 Reactivity Profile: 1,3-Propylene oxide react with oxidizing agents and strong acids . Reacts with Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds. An explosion occurred when Propylene oxide was added to an epoxy resin. Propylene oxide was concluded that polymerization was catalyzed by an amine accelerator in the resin [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995]. Underwent polymerization when mixed with sodium hydroxide causing ignition and explosion of a drum of the crude product. [Combust Sci. Technol., 1983].

9.15 Hazard: Highly flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive limits in air 2–22%. An irritant. TLV: 20 ppm; animal carcinogen.

9.16 Health Hazard: Propylene oxide is moderately toxic by inhalation and ingestion. It may cause irreversible and reversible changes. Skin contact with the material or solutions of the material cause irritation; diluted solutions are more irritating than undiluted materials. Exposure may cause mild depression of the central nervous system and eye, nasal, and lung irritation. Contact with the liquid can cause blindness and death. Pulmonary edema may recur up to 2 weeks after exposure.

9.17 Fire Hazard: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. Vapors form explosive mixture with air. If polymerization takes place in container, there may be a violent rupture of container. Explosion hazard is severe when exposed to flame. Violently reacts with acetylide- forming metals such as copper or copper alloys, ammonium hydroxide; chlorosulfonic acid; hydrochloric acid; hydrofluoric acid; nitric acid; oleum and sulfuric acid. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Avoid active catalytic surfaces such as anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin, and aluminum; peroxides of iron and aluminum; and alkali metal hydroxides, high temperatures; alkalies; aqueous acids; amines and acidic alcohols.

9.18 Contact allergens: Propylene oxide is an allergic and irritant agent, used as a solvent and raw material in the chemical industry, as the starting material and intermediate for a broad spectrum of polymers. It can be used as a dehydrating agent for the preparation of slides in electron microscopy. Occupational dermatitis was also reported following the use of a skin disinfectant swab.

9.19 Safety Profile: Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A severe skin and eye irritant. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Explosive reaction with epoxy resin and sodium hydroxide. Forms explosive mixtures with oxygen. Reacts with ethylene oxide + polyhydric alcohol to form the thermally unstable polyether alcohol. Incompatible with NH4OH, chlorosulfonic acid, HCl, HF, HNO3, oleum, H2SO4. Dangerous; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Keep away from heat and open flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

9.20 Purification Methods: Dry the oxide with Na2SO4 or CaH2 and fractionally distil it through a packed column (glass helices), after refluxing with Na, CaH2, or KOH pellets. [Beilstein 17 I 4, 17 II 131, 17 III/IV 17, 17/1 V 17.] The R(+)enantiomer [15448-47-2] and the S(-)enantiomer [16088-62-3] have b 33-34o/atm and [] 20 ±14.6o (neat). [Beilstein 17/1 V 17.]

9.21 Usage: Propylene oxide is used as a precursor in the production of polyether polyols, which is utilized for making polyurethane plastics, polypropylene glycols, propylene glycol ethers and propylene carbonate. It is involved in the preparation of biological samples for electron microscopy. It plays a vital role in the removal of residual ethanol previously used for dehydration. Further, it is used in thermobaric weapons, and microbial fumigation. It is also used as solvents, and in the preparation of surfactants, lubricants and in oil demulsifiers.

9.22 Content analysis: Same as the content analysis in "07115, ethylene oxide", but the formula can be changed to:
Propylene oxide (%) = NaOH solution volume (ml) x 0.0581/sample mass x 100%

9.23 Description: Propylene oxide is an allergic and irritant agent, used as a solvent and raw material in the chemical industry as starting material and intermediate for a broad spectrum of polymers.

9.24 Chemical Properties: Propylene oxide is soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents. It is found to be an excellent low-boiling solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, adhesive compositions and vinyl chloride-acetate resins. It is also a solvent for hydrocarbons, gums and shellac. Some of its uses are as a solvent and stabilizer in DDT aerosol-type insecticides, and as a fumigant and food preservative. Since it is an acid acceptor, it is also used as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride resins and other chlorinated systems.

9.25 Physical properties: Propylene oxide is a colorless liquid with an agreeable, ether-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 24 mg/m³ (10 ppm_v) and 84 μg/m³ (35 ppm_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

9.26 Uses: It can be used as a dehydrating agent for the preparation of slides in electron microscopy. Occupational dermatitis was also reported while using a skin disinfectant swab.

9.27 Uses: Propylene oxide is used as a fumigant forfoodstuffs; as a stabilizer for fuels, heat-ing oils, and chlorinated hydrocarbons; asa fuel–air explosive in munitions; and toenhance the decay resistance of wood andparticleboard (Mallari et al. 1989). Recentstudies indicate that the fumigant potentialof propylene oxide enhances at a low pres-sure of 100 mm Hg which could render it asan alternative to methyl bromide for rapiddisinfection of commodities (Isikber et al.2004).

9.28 Production Methods: Propylene oxide is synthesized commercially from propylene through the intermediate propylene chlorohydrin. It also can be made by peroxidation of propylene using alkylhydroperoxides, but this method produces coproducts as well, often styrene or cumene. Propylene oxide is also synthesized via oxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide, which produceswater as the only coproduct.

9.29 General Description: A clear colorless volatile liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point -35°F. Boiling point 95°F. Density 6.9 lb./gal. Flammable over a wide range of vapor-air concentrations. If contaminated, may polymerize with evolution of heat and possible rupture of container. Vapors irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Prolonged contact with skin may result in delayed burns. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a fumigant, in making detergents and lubricants, and to make other chemicals.

9.30 Health Hazard: Exposure to propylene oxide vapors cancause moderate to severe irritation of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Inhala-tion can also produce weakness and drowsi-ness. Symptoms of acute exposure in testanimals were lachrymation, salivation, gasp-ing, and labored breathing and dischargefrom nose. Harris et al. (1989) in a studyon Fischer-344 female rats found no adverseeffect below a 300-ppm exposure level.However, at the chronic inhalation levelof 500 ppm the gain in the maternal bodyweight and food consumption were reducedsignificantly. In a similar chronic inhalationstudy on Wistar rats, Kuper et al. (1988)observed a decrease in the body weight anddegenerative and hyperplastic change in thenasal mucosa when rats were exposed to300 ppm of propylene oxide. The investiga-tors have reported an increase in the inci-dence of malignant tumors in the mammaryglands and other sites in female rats.
Contact with its dilute aqueous solutionscan produce edema, blistering, and burns onthe skin. It is mutagenic in the Ames test anda suspected animal carcinogen. Its carcino-genicity in humans is not established. Omuraet al. (1994) reported dose-dependent testicu-lar toxicity of this compound in rats inducedfrom repeated intraperitoneal injections. Itsodor threshold is 200 ppm.; View all

9.31 Chemical Reactivity: Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Polymerization can occur when this product is exposed to high temperatures or is contaminated with alkalies, aqueous acids, amines, and acidic alcohols; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

9.32 Industrial uses: Propylene oxide finds its largest use as chemical intermediates. It reacts readily with dilute amounts of mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid) to form the chlorohydrin addition product. This reactivity with acid makes this epoxy solvent valuable acid acceptor-type stabilizers for several chlorinated solvents. Trace amounts of hydrogen chloride from chlorinated solvent degradation are immediately neutralized by reaction with the propylene oxide stabilizer. Reaction of propylene oxide with an alcohol or phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst yields the monoether of propylene glycol.

9.33 Potential Exposure: Propylene oxide is used as an interme- diate in the production of polyether polyols and propylene glycol; as a fumigant; in the production of adducts as ure- thane foam ingredients; in detergent manufacture; as a component in brake fluids.

9.34 Carcinogenicity: Propylene oxide is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

9.35 Environmental fate: Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.17 and 1.77 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a 5 d period. When a sewage seed was used in a separate screening test, a BOD value of 0.20 g/g was obtained. The ThOD for propylene oxide is 2.21 g/g.
Photolytic. Anticipated products from the reaction of propylene oxide with ozone or OH radicals in the atmosphere are formaldehyde, pyruvic acid, CH3C(O)OCHO, and HC(O)OCHO (Cupitt, 1980). An experimentally determined reaction rate constant of 5.2 x 10^-13 cm³/molecule?sec was reported for the gas phase reaction of propylene oxide with OH radicals (Güsten et al., 1981).
Chemical/Physical. The reported hydrolysis half-life for the conversion of propylene oxide to 1,2-propanediol in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 14.6 d (Mabey and Mill, 1978). The second-order hydrolysis rate constant of propylene oxide in 3.98 mM perchloric acid and 36.3 °C is 0.124/M?sec (Kirkovsky et al., 1998).
May polymerize at high temperatures or on contact with alkalies, aqueous acids, amines, and acid alcohols (NIOSH, 1997).
At an influent concentration of 1.0 g/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 739 mg/L. The adsorbability of the GAC used was 52 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).; View all

9.36 storage: Propylene oxide is stored in a flammableliquid cabinet isolated from combustible andoxidizable materials. It is shipped in glassbottles and metal containers under a nitrogenatmosphere.

9.37 Shipping: UN1280 Propylene oxide, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

9.38 Toxicity evaluation: The toxic effects of propylene oxide are related to its ability to react directly, without metabolic activation, with cellular macromolecules, nucleophilic sites, and nonprotein sulfhydryls. Therefore, it reacts with various components of cells, including DNA, RNA, and proteins.

9.39 Incompatibilities: Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Reacts with strong oxidizers, anhydrous metal chlor- ides; chlorine, iron, strong acids; caustics and peroxides. Polymerization may occur due to high temperatures or con- tamination with alkalis, aqueous acids; amines, metal chlor- ides; and acidic alcohols. Attacks some plastics, coatings and rubber.

9.40 Waste Disposal: Concentrated waste contain- ing no peroxides-discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxides- perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning

9.41 Storage features: Fireproof. Separated from acids, bases and strong oxidants. Dry. Cool. Well closed. Keep in the dark.

10. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 58.08g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₃H₆O
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 58.041864811
Monoisotopic Mass: 58.041864811
Complexity: 26.5
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Topological Polar Surface Area: 12.5
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcYBAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGgAAAAAACBSggAICAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

11. Question & Answer

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What are the Structure, Preparation, and Chemical Properties of Propylene Oxide? Jul 18 2023
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1,2-epoxypropane Cas 75-56-9 from China

Purity:99%Packing: 200kg/bag FOB
Price: 10 USD/kilogram
Time: 2024/11/15

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Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co.,Ltd Diamond member

6YRS

Products:Division I, the main production Lead acetate phenylacetamide Cyromazine quality is very good!
Tel:86-185-31123677
Email:xing@yan-xi.com

Propylene oxide 75-56-9

Purity:99%Packing: 200kg/bag FOB
Price: 10 USD/metric ton
Time: 2024/11/14

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Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd Diamond member

2YRS

Products:Medical Intermediate,Lithium Battery Additive,Organicetc Chemical, Organic Chemical, Paint Chemical and Detergent Chemical etc..
Tel:0086-0371-55170693
Email:info@tianfuchem.com

1,2-epoxypropane

Purity:99%Packing: 200kg/bag FOB
Price: 100 USD/kilogram
Time: 2024/11/15

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Hangzhou Dingyan Chem Co.,Ltd Diamond member

1YR

Products:Export business of hi-tech products such as pharmaceutical materials (APIs), pharmaceutical intermediates, fine chemicals and biochemical reagents, etc.
Tel:86-571-86465881
Email:sales9@dingyanchem.com

Propylene oxide

Purity:99%Packing: 200kg/bag FOB
Price: 100 USD/kilogram
Time: 2024/11/15

Inquire

13. Realated Product Infomation

16088-62-3 (S)-(-)-Propylene oxide

15448-47-2 (R)-(+)-Propylene oxide

52501-07-2 Polyethylenimin, polymer with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide

37280-82-3 Propylene oxide ethylene oxide polymer phosphate

161755-53-9 Propylene oxide-dimethylsiloxane-propylene oxide block copolymer, hydroxyl terminated, viscosity 200-300 cSt.

68937-55-3 DIMETHYLSILOXANE, PROPYLENE OXIDE/ETHYLENE OXIDE BLOCK COPOLYMER

67762-85-0 DIMETHYLSILOXANE, PROPYLENE OXIDE/ETHYLENE OXIDE BLOCK COPOLYMER

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